TeXes Science Practice Test

Which type of bond is formed through the lateral overlap of atomic orbitals?

1. Sigma bond

2. Ion bond

3. Covalent bond

4. Pi bond

The correct answer is: Pi bond

The type of bond formed through the lateral overlap of atomic orbitals is a pi bond. In a pi bond, the p orbitals of two atoms overlap side by side, creating a bond above and below the line connecting the two nuclei. This lateral overlap allows for electron sharing, which is characteristic of double and triple bonds where one or more sigma bonds can also be present. In contrast, sigma bonds are formed by the end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals, typically s or hybrid orbitals, and provide a strong bonding interaction. Ion bonds arise from the electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions, rather than from orbital overlap. Covalent bonds are a broader category that includes both sigma and pi bonds, as they result from the sharing of electrons between atoms. However, the specific mechanism of lateral overlap and the unique properties associated with pi bonds distinguish them from the other bond types.